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A difference between the Huayuanzhuang East divination accounts and those made by and for other members of the royal family aside from the kings was the size of Zi Rong’s staff. Staff and attendants who reported to and took orders from the main character can be divided into groups of people whose titles were pre- ceded and modified by the word duo 多 “many”: duo chen 多臣 “Many Servitors” were staff and attendants who handled daily affairs; duo gu 多賈 “Many Traders” handled stock, appraisals, and the supply of goods; duo yu 多御(禦)正 (征) “Many Defense Regulators” were military personnel (37.22, 63.2; two instances); duo yin 多尹 “Many Commanders” were administrators, but also participated in hunting and sent in goods (113, 355; six instances); duo wan 多万 “Many Dancers” were associated with music and dance (206, 226; two instances); and duo gong 多工 “Many Artisans” (duo gong 多工) were skilled workers (324; one instance). These groups were not under the sole authority of the Huayuanzhuang East prince, but rather appear to have been specialists and staff who served the royal family and were under the command of the king and family heads. The “Many Servitors” (401), for instance, was comprised of the prince’s servitors—“(Our) lord’s servitors” 子臣 (290), and the king’s servitors—“(His) Highness’ servitors” 丁臣 (75). A group associated with the Many Servitors, called the duo jie chen 多 丯(介)臣 “Many Great Servitors” (275 + 517), might be understood as a select group of the best ones. On one occasion, for which diviners used a three-shell set, Zi Rong performed an exorcism rite to ensure the protection of the group as a col- lective whole (53.21↔181.8↔488.3). The most trusted members of the prince’s staff were Fa 發, Da 大, You You 由 友, and Ji Nai 乃, but also included Suo* , Xi* , Dao 盜, Zhi 旨 and others. Staff were called on to undertake tasks related to divination, preparing and provid- ing food and drinks (139, 178↔376), feasting and banquet preparation and service, procuring commodities and human capital, delivering animals (85, 113), killing an- imals, ritual presentation and gift-giving to the king and Lady Hao (63, 475, 480), the hunt (416), the prince’s transportation, and entertainment. On one occasion, Da fell ill and the prince performed an exorcism for his recovery (299, 76↔478). Wei 微 is a rather unique figure in the divinations. The prince once dispatched him west on a mission, and he had a personal audience with Lady Hao. One par- ticular divination account (290) implies that Wei was appointed by the king to safeguard his son, and indicates he was not considered one of the prince’s servi- tors. Like he did for Da’s sickness, Zi Rong performed exorcism rites for ailments to Wei’s eye(s) and shoulder. Other people: family members and staff | 67 The word gu 賈, which is cognate with jia 價, means “trade”, “appraise”, and “price”. The graph is spelled with a cowrie and this suggests an association with currency and exchange. Later sources state that specialist gu 賈were present for ritual events and official visits, especially for the exchange of gifts, in order to oversee the items to be given and to inspect the value of the goods in return.150 Traders in the Huayuanzhuang East oracle bone inscriptions had a comparable role (37, 275, 290), although the most important services that they rendered to the prince concerned the supply of goods and the horse trade. The only traders men- tioned by name were Zhu 壴 and Bing 並 (249.19). Trader Zhu is known from Wu Ding’s divination records and was mentioned earlier. 150 See the “Pin li 聘禮” chapter of the Yili 儀禮and Zheng Xuan’s 鄭玄(127-200) commentary; see also Wei Cide 2006: 157. 68 | Part II: People Table 5: People in the Huayuanzhuang East oracle bone inscriptions (selection) 151 Living people The main characters Zi 子 “(Our) lord” — the protagonist, family head, and patron of the divination organization; a prince of the royal family, who most likely was Zi Rong 子 (戎) in Wu Ding’s divination accounts. Ding 丁 “His Highness” — Wu Ding 武丁, the 27th Shang king; the protagonist’s father. Lady Hao 婦好, spouse of Wu Ding; the protagonist’s mother. The Many Princes duo Zi 多子— brothers and cousins Zi Hua 子 (畫); has an aide, Shao Zi Pou 子 (剖); has a spouse (275.1) and a child, Qu 曲 Zi Yu 子予 ; has an aide Mu Zi Mei 子媚 Zi Bi 子髀 Zi Sheng 子 Zi Hu 子 Zi Guo 子馘 Zi Zeng 子曾 Zi Xing 子興 Zi Jin 子金 The protago- nist’s family members His spouse, called “our lord’s spouse”子配(妃). Big son 大子 Middle son 中(仲)子 Small son 小子 Third small son 三小子 The Many Servitors duo chen 多臣 The protagonist’s servitors (Zi chen Da 大 Fa 發 Ji Nai You You 由友 Dao 盜 Zhi 旨 Suo* Xi* Wu Ding’s servitors (Ding chen 丁臣) Wei (微), assigned to Zi Rong. Ao 敖 151 Based on Lin Yun 2007 and Zhao Peng 2007. This list does not include names on adminis- trative receipts (except for Liu) and does not include lineage or place names that modified com- modities (for instance “Xun’s cattle 旬牛” (474.9), “Mang’s pigs 亡豕” (313.2, 324.3) and “Bing’s bows 弓” (37.16-17)). For a listing and discussion of Huayuanzhuang East administrative re- ceipts, see Liu Yiman and Cao Dingyun 2004, and Sun Yabing 2014: 273-276. Other people: family members and staff | 69 The Many Traders duo gu (mainly associated with the horse trade, but also with keeping and inspecting stock and making appraisals) Trader Zhu 賈壴 Trader Bing 賈並 People associ- ated with the horse trade152 Dun 敦 Geng* Shao Huo 火 The Many Artisans duo gong 多工 Lapidary Qiang 羌琡, builders The Many Commanders duo yin 多尹 The Many Defense Regulators duo yu zheng 多禦正(征) The Many Dancers duo wan 多万 Dancer Jia 万家 Musicians Blind Music Master 瞽 Zither players 瑟 Chime players (females) 磬妾 Military officers Ya Dian 亞奠 Archer-lord Dian 侯奠153 Ya-generals 亞 Lesser Servitor 小臣 Archers 射 Officers 史 Friends, allies, enemies Zhong Zhou 中周, 154 a close associate of the protago- nist; has consort named Si Zhi Bo Ge 沚伯 , ally of the royal family in war against the Shao territory; has spouse (“Ge’s spouse”). Zhou Long 舟嚨, associated with jade deliveries to the king. Liu / , producer and exporter of textiles (belts); also contributed turtle shells. Yin 引, an ally of the protagonist held abroad in captivity. 152 It is uncertain if these four names were lineage or personal names. It is also uncertain if they were part of Zi Rong’s daily staff and entourage, if they were traders/appraisers, or if they were business associates who dealt in the horse trade. Shao, for one, might be the same person who was called “Lord Hua’s aide”, and might have been from the (enemy) Shao territory. Huo appears elsewhere reporting about the prince losing his eyesight. 153 Lin Yun (2007) suggests that Ya Dian and Archer-lord Dian referred to the same person who held different administrative positions over time. The alternative of course is that it was two dif- ferent people from the same lineage or place. 154 75.9 implies Zhong Zhou became one of the protagonist’s servitors during the period of time these divinations were made. 70 | Part II: People Zhang 璋, visited Lady Hao, and had an exorcism per- formed by Zi Rong. He 何, enemy. Shao ／卲, enemy territory. The Ancestors Male Shang Jia 上甲, Shang king 1 Da Yi 大乙, Shang king 7 Da Jia 大甲, Shang king 9 Da Geng 大庚, Shang king 11 Xiao Jia 小甲, Shang king 12 Ancestor Ding 祖丁, the protagonist’s great grandfather, Shang king 21 Ancestor Jia 祖甲, the protagonist’s uncle, Shang king 23, Yang Jia 陽甲 Ancestor Geng 祖庚, the protagonist’s uncle, Shang king 24, Pan Geng 盤庚 Ancestor Xin 祖辛, the protagonist’s, Shang king 25, Xiao Xin 小辛 Ancestor Yi 祖乙, the protagonist’s grandfather, Shang king 26, Xiao Yi 小乙 Child Gui 子癸, the protagonist’s second youngest child. Geng 更, a Captain 師 during Wu Ding’s early to early- middle years; referred to posthumously as “Geng, Father Ren 更父壬” in Wu Ding’s divination accounts. Unclassified male ancestors Ancestor Bing 祖丙 Ancestor Wu 祖戊 Elder Brother Ding 兄丁 Female Ancestress Bing 妣丙, spouse of Da Yi. Ancestress Gui 妣癸, spouse of Zhong Ding, Shang king Ancestress Jia 妣甲, spouse of Ancestor Xin, Shang king Ancestress Ji 妣甲, spouse of Ancestor Ding; the protag- onist’s great grandmother. Ancestress Geng 妣庚, spouse of Ancestor Yi; the protag- onist’s grandmother. Mother Wu 母戊, spouse of Wu Ding, Shang king 27; the protagonist’s aunt. Unclassified female ancestors Elder Sister Ancestress Ding 姒妣 Elder Sister Geng 姒庚 Ancestress Ding 妣丁 Second Ancestress Bing 二妣丙 Mother Bing 母丙 Translation Open Access. © 2019 Schwartz/JAS, published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501505294-002 Conventions and Symbols Transcription of the Huayuanzhuang East inscriptions is based primarily on ZSKY 2003 and Yao Xuan 2005 (2006), with corrections by Sun Yabing 2014. Text and translation for each inscribed oracle bone piece is arranged consecu- tively, and the numbers for each piece and each divination account follow their listing in the six-volume ZSKY 2003 publication. Any reordering of divination ac- counts continues to use the ZSKY 2003 sequence numbers. The abbreviation HYZ before each piece number stands for HuaYuanZhuang 花園莊. A single piece with writing on both the recto and verso sides is listed sequentially but with two different catalog numbers in ZSKY 2003. (The excavation numbers for instances like these however are the same and differentiated by the letters r (recto) and v (verso); see Appendix I.) My edition arranges instances like these together and uses a hyphen in between the catalog numbers in order to indicate that two individual catalog numbers are the recto and verso sides of a single piece. The first occurrence in the translation is HYZ 19-20. Each individual inscription is first provided in modern Chinese transcription and then followed by an English translation: Chinese transcription: 甲卜丁令 一 English translation: Divined on Jia: His Highness will issue a command. 1 Chinese transcription: 壬申卜既乎(呼)食子其 English translation: Divined on Renshen: After calling to eat, our lord should go hunt. Used. 12 Only text in translation is punctuated, and the punctuation used in the translation informs the reader about I understand the language of the primary text. Citations of inscriptions and excavated texts in the commentary, however, are punctuated and presented in a loose transcription style, which means that loans and modern equiva- lents are usually left unmarked. In both the transcription and translation, numbers in subscript usually refer to the number of a crack; no commas are placed in between these numbers. In the second example above, the numbers 12 in subscript mean that two cracks were made for this single divination statement. Although “crack num- bers” were engraved next to their associated crack on the shell/bone, it is standard transcription practice to render these numbers at the end of a divination account. Dates in the translation are not marked with corresponding numerical equiv- alents; for instance, the day “Jiazi” 甲子 is not marked with [1/60] after it. A sixty- day calendar is provided for reference. 74 | Conventions and Symbols Graphs, words, and phrases are explained in the commentary at their first occurrence. Appendix I lists raw data for each inscribed piece. Appendix II lists synchro- nies, parallel content, and links between individual pieces. SYMBOLS more than one graph missing (in transcription) □ one graph missing (in transcription) … text missing (in translation) [ ] reconstructed ( ) read as = equals ≈ glossed / or > yields < derived from < > error for ║ separating divination accounts on the same bone * tentative reading ↔ synchronized with Table 6: Sixty-day ganzhi cycle Jiazi Yichou Bingyin Dingmao Wuchen Jisi Gengwu Xinwei Renshen Guiyou Jiaxu Yihai Bingzi Dingchou Wuyin Jimao Gengchen Xinsi Renwu Guiwei Jiashen Yiyou Bingxu Dinghai Wuzi Jichou Gengyin Xinmao Renchen Guisi Jiawu Yiwei Bingshen Dingyou Wuxu Jihai Gengzi Xinchou Renyin Guimao Jiachen Yisi Bingwu Dingwei Wushen Jiyou Gengxu Xinhai Renzi Guichou Jiayin Yimao Bingchen Dingsi Wuwu Jiwei Gengshen Xinyou Renxu Guihai Open Access. © 2019 Schwartz/JAS, published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501505294-003