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Work: 怪竹辯 Viewing: Source

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謂竹為有知乎？不宜生於廡下；謂為無知乎？乃能避檻而曲全其生。

其果有知乎？則有知莫如人。人者，萬物之最靈也，其不知於物者多矣。至有不自知其一身者，如駢拇、枝指、懸疣、附贅，皆莫知其所以然也。以人之靈，而不自知其一身，使竹雖有知，必不能自知其曲直之所以然也。

竹果無知乎？則無知莫如枯草死骨，所謂蓍龜者是也。自古以來，大聖大智之人有所不知者，必問於蓍龜而取決，是則枯草死骨之有知，反過於聖智之人所知遠矣。以枯草死骨之如此，則安知竹之不有知也？遂以蓍龜之神智，而謂百物皆有智，則其他草木瓦石，叩之又頑然皆無所知。然則竹未必不無知也。

由是言之，謂竹為有知不可，謂為無知亦不可，謂其有知無知皆不可知，然後可。萬物生於天地之間，其理不可以一概。謂有心然後有知乎？則蚓無心。謂凡動物皆有知乎？則水亦動物也。人獸生而有知，死則無知矣；蓍龜生而無知，死然後有知也。是皆不可窮詰。故聖人治其可知者，置其不可知者，是之謂大中之道。

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Metadata

Work: 怪竹辯
Display Title: 怪竹辯
Page title: 怪竹辯
Nation: 北宋
Chapter: root
Source Url: https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%80%AA%E7%AB%B9%E8%BE%AF

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謂竹為有知乎？不宜生於廡下；謂為無知乎？乃能避檻而曲全其生。其果有知乎？則有知莫如人。人者，萬物之最靈也，其不知於物者多矣。至有不自知其一身者，如駢拇、枝指、懸疣、附贅，皆莫知其所以然也。以人之靈，而不自知其一身，使竹雖有知，必不能自知其曲直之所以然也。竹果無知乎？則無知莫如枯草死骨，所謂蓍龜者是也。自古以來，大聖大智之人有所不知者，必問於蓍龜而取決，是則枯草死骨之有知，反過於聖智之人所知遠矣。以枯草死骨之如此，則安知竹之不有知也？遂以蓍龜之神智，而謂百物皆有智，則其他草木瓦石，叩之又頑然皆無所知。然則竹未必不無知也。由是言之，謂竹為有知不可，謂為無知亦不可，謂其有知無知皆不可知，然後可。萬物生於天地之間，其理不可以一概。謂有心然後有知乎？則蚓無心。謂凡動物皆有知乎？則水亦動物也。人獸生而有知，死則無知矣；蓍龜生而無知，死然後有知也。是皆不可窮詰。故聖人治其可知者，置其不可知者，是之謂大中之道。